Basic information
| Title journal: | Vestnik 2 (46) 2026 |
|---|---|
| Number: | 2 |
| Year: | 2026 |
| Date of publication on the website: | 25.07.2026 |
| Full journal in PDF: | Download |
Content
Effect of wine acidity on the analytical response of an aptamer-based biosen-sor for ochratoxin A determination
UDC: 663.25:615.918:543.5Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Ilia A. Bakhratov; Boris G. Gorshkov
Annotation: Introduction. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widespread contaminant of wine products posing a threat to consumer health. Development of rapid methods for OTA monitoring in wine is complicated by its complex matrix composition; in particular, wine acidity varies significantly depending on wine type and can affect the performance of biosensor devices. Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of wine acidity (pH) on the character and magnitude of the analytical response of an aptamer-based graphene field-effect transistor biosensor for OTA determination in red and white wine samples. Materials and methods. OTA detection was performed using an array of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) functionalized with an anti-OTA aptamer. Samples of dry red wine (pH 3.3) and semi-sweet white wine (pH < 2.9) diluted with phosphate buffer (1× PBS) at a ratio of 1:10 were investigated. Response was recorded in real time with stepwise increase of OTA concentration from 6 to 500 pM. Results, discussion. It was established that the direction of the analytical response depends on sample acidity. For red wine (pH 3.3), an increase in OTA concentration led to a decrease in channel resistance, whereas for white wine (pH < 2.9) ‒ to its increase. Signal inversion is caused by a change in the type of major charge carriers in the graphene channel at low pH values. The limit of detection was 1 pM for red and 3 pM for white wine, which is two orders of magnitude below EU and TR CU regulations. Conclusion. Wine acidity is a significant factor determining the direction and magnitude of the biosensor analytical response. Development of rapid OTA monitoring methods in wine requires accounting for pH-dependent signal behavior for correct interpretation of analytical results.Transfer of immunochemical biolayers from sensor chip surface to gold na-noparticles for rapid determination of chloramphenicol in milk
UDC: 637.12.04:615.33:543Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Nikolai A. Belyakov; Sofya G. Trofimenko; Vladimir V. Volkov; Alexey V. Orlov
Annotation: Introduction. Development of rapid tests for monitoring antibiotic residues in livestock products is an urgent task of veterinary and sanitary expertise. Immunochromatographic test strips using gold nanoparticles are widely employed due to their simplicity and speed; however, optimization of multicomponent receptor layers on nanoparticle surfaces remains a laborious process. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of transferring immunochemical biolayers, optimized on a flat sensor chip surface of a label-free biosensor, directly onto gold nanoparticles for creating an immunochromatographic rapid test for chloramphenicol. Materials and methods. Protein conjugates of bovine serum albumin with biotin and chloramphenicol of three compositions were immobilized on glass sensor chip surfaces and, in parallel, on gold nanoparticles. Biolayer performance on the chip was monitored by spectral-phase interferometry, and on nanoparticles ‒ in immunochromatographic format. Results and discussion. It was established that chloramphenicol detection results on flat surface and on nanoparticles coincide for all three conjugate types, including the correctly functioning balanced composition and two variants with disrupted balance producing false results. This demonstrates direct transferability of optimization results from chip to nanoparticles. Conclusion. It was shown that label-free optimization of biolayers on a flat sensor chip can serve as a rapid platform for designing immunochromatographic tests for chloramphenicol, significantly accelerating the development of rapid veterinary and sanitary control tools.Iron-containing drugs in veterinary medicine (review)
UDC: 619:615.01:636.087.6Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Alizade S. Gasanov; Daria A. Friesen; Sergey N. Zinoviev; Polina V. Eremeeva; Diana R. Karpova
Annotation: Introduction. Iron deficiency severely messes up the picture of an optimal world in the modern world. Every day, millions of animals suffer because of it ‒ they start having problems with blood formation and productivity. Young animals and their parents suffer seriously from this: the little ones lack iron for growth, while the parents need it for milk production. Low iron levels in an animal's body prevent normal hemoglobin synthesis, so oxygen doesn't reach the cells. As a result, immunity drops, and appetite drops too. Objective ‒
We decided to figure out what kinds of iron preparations exist, how well they actually work, and how safe they are ‒ so we can defeat iron deficiency in our animals. And at the same time, understand which forms and dosages work best for different ages and conditions ‒ because every organism is unique. Materials and Methods. We studied the causes, pathogenesis, and metabolic consequences of iron deficiency, and also compared iron preparations (salts, iron dextrans, polysaccharide forms, and bioavailable complexes).
The analysis is based on clinical data, laboratory blood parameters (hemoglobin, red blood cells, ferritin), and markers of oxidative stress. Results and Discussion. First, we broke down the main causes of iron deficiency ‒ how it develops and what ultimately happens to the body. Then we compared several types of iron preparations ‒ salts, dextrans, polysaccharide forms, and new bioavailable complexes. We tested all of this in practice: looked at clinical indicators, ran blood tests (hemoglobin, red blood cells, ferritin), plus assessed oxidative stress ‒ to see whether the treatment causes any side effects. Conclusion. The truth is, to actually cure iron deficiency, prevention alone isn't enough ‒ you need a comprehensive approach. It's not just about giving a drug; you have to choose it correctly: look at iron bioavailability, take into account the animal's age and its physiological state. This will improve productivity, survival rates, and animal health.Rapid quality evaluation of commercial grades of olive oil by Raman spec-troscopy
UDC: 665.327.3:543.424.2Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Sergey M. Kuznetsov; Vasiliy S. Novikov; Maksim N. Moskovskiy; Elena A. Sagitova
Annotation: Introduction. Olive oil is a valuable food product with health benefits due to its oleic acid content and biologically active substances. However, its high cost contributes to the spread of adulteration, making the task of rapid quality control particularly relevant. A promising solution is the use of fast and non-destructive analytical methods such as Raman spectroscopy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the capabilities of Raman spectroscopy for the rapid analysis of olive oil quality and the detection of adulterated products. Materials and Methods. Ten samples of commercial olive oil purchased in Russia and Europe were analyzed. Spectra were recorded using a confocal Raman microscope at an excitation wavelength of 532 nm. Quality was assessed using the intensity ratio of spectral lines at 1658 and 1440 cm-1, which are characterized by the iodine index and reflect the degree of fatty acid unsaturation and, consequently, the chemical composition of the oil. Results. It was established that the crystals studied fell into two groups: those with values typical of olive oil and those with abnormally stable values characteristic of other vegetable oils. For one sample, a discrepancy was detected between the spectral data and the declared composition, indicating possible adulteration. It was also demonstrated that carotenoids can be detected using long wavelengths that excite the transducer due to the visible signal. Conclusion. Raman spectroscopy has been shown to be useful for rapid quality assessment of olive oil, enabling the management of its chemical composition and the detection of counterfeit products.Assessment of the impact of vermiculture products on the growth and devel-opment of tomato plants
UDC: 631.861: 631.862.1:Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sakhayaana N. Mikhailova; Agafya Z. Platonova; Dmitry A. Zakharov; Alexey P. Glinushkin
Annotation: Introduction. Vermiculture is regarded as an effective method for recycling organic waste with the production of biohumus possessing favorable agrochemical properties and strong potential for use in crop production. Under the conditions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), this approach is especially relevant due to the need for the rational utilization of livestock waste, reduction of fertilizer costs, and increased productivity of vegetable crops on relatively low-fertility soils. Objective ‒ to assess the effect of vermiculture products obtained using different substrates and earthworm populations on the growth, development, and yield of tomato plants of the Demidov variety. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in 2021–2022 at the Oktem Branch of the Arctic State Agrotechnological University. Two earthworm populations were used in the experiments: California worms (Eisenia fetida) and local worms (Eisenia nordenskioldi). At the first stage, worm growth, body mass, reproduction coefficient, and productivity were studied on various substrates, including horse manure, cattle manure, kitchen waste, paper, and cardboard. At the second stage, the effect of the obtained biohumus on tomato seedlings was evaluated. At the third stage, the influence of different types of biohumus on phenological traits, biometric parameters, and tomato yield was investigated under field conditions. Results and Discussion. It was found that local earthworms were characterized by a higher reproduction coefficient, whereas California worms showed greater productivity in terms of vermicompost yield. The application of biohumus accelerated seedling development, increased daily plant growth, and stimulated flowering and yield formation. The highest average tomato yield was obtained with biohumus produced by California worms on a cattle manure substrate, reaching 7.4 kg/m², which exceeded the control by 1.9 kg/m². Conclusion. Vermiculture is a promising approach to the bioconversion of organic waste under the conditions of Yakutia. The resulting biohumus improves the growth, development, and productivity of Demidov tomato plants and can be considered an effective component of environmentally oriented vegetable production technology.Evaluation of the sorption efficiency of feed additives based on glucon and biologically active substance
UDC: 619:615.9:636.087.7Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Mishina Nailya N.; Tanaseva Svetlana A.; Valiev Almaz R.; Matrosova Lilia E.; Ivan M. Koval
Annotation: Introduction. Introduction. The threat of mycotoxicoses in livestock farming and the associated risks to human health necessitate the search for highly effective detoxifying complexes. Evaluation of such products begins with studying their sorption potential as the primary step in verifying their functional activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sorption efficiency of feed additives based on glucan and a biologically active substance (turmeric) against mycotoxins in experiments simulating the internal environment of the body. Materials and methods. The adsorption activity of the products was assessed in vitro against a wide range of mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, and DON). Experiments were conducted at toxin:sorbent ratios from 1:500 to 1:5000 in media simulating the gastrointestinal tract (pH 2.0 and 8.0), determining the degree of sorption relative to the control and confirming reliability by repeating the experiments three times. Additional text versions are available in the original material. Results, discussion. Glucan demonstrated high specificity to zearalenone (sorption up to 98.2%) and aflatoxin (up to 86.3%), while demonstrating low activity towards DON. It was found that the binding efficiency of most toxins decreases in an alkaline medium (pH 8), which leads to their partial desorption. A dosage of 1:5000 was recognized as optimal. The creation of a complex with curcumin retained high efficiency against zearalenone (91.87%) and aflatoxin (77.52%) with an insignificant decrease in sorption capacity (by 2.80%). The stability of the results is confirmed by a low coefficient of variation (RSD up to 2.39%). Conclusion. Glucan demonstrated high selective sorption for zearalenone and aflatoxin at an optimal dosage of 1:5000. To neutralize deoxynivalenol, a stronger formulation is recommended. The development of the "Glucan + Curcumin" complex is justified: the addition of curcumin slightly reduces sorption capacity (by 2.8%) while maintaining overall effectiveness. The proposed composition is a validated means of protecting the reproductive system of animals and requires further in vivo studies.Analytical dependence of the yield and milling qualities of winter wheat on weather conditions during spring and summer vegetation
UDC: 633.111.1Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Fail A. Mudarisov; Shashkarov Leonid G.; Yuri M. Isaev
Annotation: Introduction. Weather conditions affect the productivity and quality of crops. Studying the impact of weather conditions from the beginning of spring vegetation to harvest on the productivity and technological quality of winter wheat grain is relevant for grain suppliers to mills. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of temperature and precipitation during the spring and summer growing season on the yield and milling characteristics of winter wheat grain in the experimental field of the Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University. Materials and methods. The object of the study is the Saratovskaya 17 winter wheat variety, which was grown in the experimental field of the Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University using the standard technology for the region, with the use of synergistic micronutrients (Mn and Zn) for seed treatment and foliar fertilization, which are not sufficient in the soil. The experiments were conducted from 2013 to 2017. Grain harvesting was carried out using the continuous threshing method. The actual yield was recorded according to GOST 13586.5-2015; grain quality was determined according to GOST 10840-2017; glassiness was determined according to GOST 10987-76; the weight of 1,000 grains was determined according to GOST 10842-89; and ash content was determined according to GOST 10847-2019. Research results. The yield of the experimental crop increases when the average daily temperature rises to 16°C during the spring and summer, and the amount of precipitation increases to 50 mm. During the summer months of plant growth, when the air temperature is high and the amount of precipitation is low, the glassiness of the grain increases. As the temperature rises and the amount of precipitation decreases, the ash content of the grain increases by the time of harvest. Conclusion. The yield, glassiness, nature, weight of 1,000 grains, and ash content of winter wheat have a linear regression relationship with precipitation and ambient temperature in April-JulyEarliness and potential yield of pea in Yakutia
UDC: 631Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Alexey N. Neustroev; Ivan F. Bardeev; Dmitry A. Zakharov; Alexey P. Glinushkin
Annotation: Introduction. Field pea is one of the most important grain legume crops, and for the conditions of Central Yakutia, forms combining earliness, lodging resistance, and suitability for mechanized harvesting are of particular importance. Evaluation of the collection material of field pea for earliness, morphobiological traits, and potential yield is a primary and promising task for selecting source forms to be used in further breeding. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted in 2024–2025 under the conditions of Central Yakutia.
In the collection nursery, 42 accessions were studied in 2024 and 37 accessions in 2025. The cultivars Melkosemyannyi 2, Saryal, and Svetozar were used as standards. Records were taken according to the VIR methodological guidelines. The vegetation period, lodging resistance, yield, and morphological traits were assessed. Results and discussion. On average, over the two years, 36 accessions matured steadily and formed a yield. The earliest-maturing cultivar was ‘Atisem’, with a vegetation period of 77 days, whereas the standard ‘Saryal’ had a vegetation period of 84 days. The highest lodging resistance was observed in the short-stemmed cultivars ‘Saryal’, ‘Demos’, ‘Shustrik’, ‘Multik’, and ‘Madonna’. Among individual yield-structure components, the accessions ‘K-1865’ (India), ‘Aksaiskii usatyi 12’, ‘K-8236’ (Kormovik, Ukraine), and ‘K-6367’ (Mongolia) stood out. The highest potential yield was formed by the cultivar ‘Kazanets’ ‒ 148.5 c/ha; high values were also recorded for ‘K-8236’ (132.0 c/ha) and ‘Aksaiskii usatyi 12’ (126.0 c/ha). Conclusion. The identified accessions are of interest as sources of earliness, lodging resistance, and high productivity and may be used in the development of new pea cultivars adapted to the conditions of Yakutia.Synergistic effect of Eu2o3 cover and Se nanoparticles on stevia adaptation
UDC: 581.4Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Mark O. Paskhin
Annotation: Introduction. Selenium is an essential micronutrient that, in optimal concentrations, positively affects plant growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant defense, and stress adaptation. Light regulates growth and the synthesis of secondary metabolites through the activation of photoreceptors. Nanoparticles exhibit catalytic activity that can be enhanced under specific light regimes. Materials and methods. Eu2O3 and Se nanoparticles were obtained by laser fragmentation at a wavelength of 532 nm. Their characteristics were determined using DLS and spectrofluorimetry. Photoconversion covers (PCC) were fabricated by spraying a mixture of fluoropolymer varnish with nanoparticles onto glass. Microclonal plants of Stevia rebaudiana were cultivated on Murashige–Skoog medium and then adapted ex vitro under different coatings with the addition of Se nanoparticles to the nutrient medium. On day 60, morphometric parameters were evaluated. Results, discussion. Eu2O3 nanoparticles were obtained with an average size of 200 ± 21 nm. PCC-Eu2O3 is efficiently excited at 395 nm, emitting in the region of photosynthetically active radiation (612 nm and 625 nm). The application of PCC-Eu2O3 increased Stevia shoot length by 26% and fresh weight by 15%. The addition of Se nanoparticles (100 μg/L) resulted in increases of 26% and 19%, respectively. The combined application of PCC-Eu2O3 and Se nanoparticles produced a synergistic effect: shoot length, fresh and dry weight increased by 78%, 53%, and 38% respectively, significantly exceeding the effects of separate treatments. Conclusion. The combination of Eu2O3-based photoconversion covers with selenium nanoparticles represents a promising agrotechnology for enhancing the productivity of microclonal plants during adaptation to ex vitro conditions.Application of phosphorus-containing microelement complexes in nutrient solutions for hydro-ponic system when growing tomatoes in total control environment agriculture
UDC: 635.015: 635.1/.8: 6Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Natalia A. Semenova; Elena A. Nikulina; Alina S. Ivanitskikh
Annotation: Introduction. Sustainable agricultural development strategies imply a transition to cost-effective and environmentally friendly crop production, including the use of hydroponic systems that reduce water and nutrient consumption. Optimizing hydroponic systems under total control environment agriculture remains a key factor in intensifying cultivation technologies. Materials and methods. To prepare a nutrient solution for soaking the cubes and mats, we used a popular FloraSeries fertilizer and a synthesized analog solution with four essential microelements (Fe2+, Zn, Cu, Mn) with carboxyl-containing ligands (EDTA, EDDHA) replaced with chelates containing the organophosphorus ligand 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP). Their effects on the growth, development, and fruiting of the 'Minibel' tomato variety were compared in a phytochamber. Plant height, leaf count, cluster count, flower bud count, and fruit count were measured, and the yield structure was assessed on the 100th day of cultivation. Results and discussion. At the beginning of the growing season and up until the 20th day of cultivation, plants impregnated with the Micro-HEDP solution showed growth retardation (33% lower plant height and 32% lower leaf count) compared to those treated with GHE. The results were then compared. The total number of buds, flowers, and fruits in the Micro-HEDP solution was 39.7%, 17.6%, and 21.1% higher, respectively, indicating stimulation of the plant's reserve potential. The yield structure on the 100th day of cultivation, taking into account the yield of all plants, shows that the weight of ripe fruits in the GHE solution exceeded that of the Micro-HEDP solution by 30%. However, the number of growing (immature) fruits, measured by total weight, was 35.5% higher, and their number was twice that of the GHE solution.Factors of innovative development of pharmaceutical enterprises
UDC: 658Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Ayrat M. Izmailov
Annotation: Introduction. This work is devoted to the analysis of the factors of innovative development of enterprises producing pharmaceutical products in the context of the influence of a wide range of modern trends, among which the sanctions pressure on the economy from the collective West, digitalization, the consequences of the pandemic, etc. The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most science-intensive and capital-intensive sectors of the economy in Russia and around the world. This is primarily due to the high cost and complexity of creating, testing, registering, and promoting new types of medicines and other types of pharmaceutical products. In this regard, it is very important to study the key factors that can influence the development of industry enterprises. This can have a significant impact on the competitiveness of domestic pharmaceutical manufacturers, which is one of the most important issues in the industry today. The goal of this study is to analyze the main factors that affect the level of innovation in pharmaceutical enterprises operating in today's political and economic environment. The achievement of the set goal is outlined by a circle of tasks, among which we can distinguish such as: the study of different approaches to the interpretation of the concept of factors; factors of innovative development of the enterprise; the identification of the author's positions regarding the list of such factors; the formation of the author's opinion on the interpretation of the concepts "factor of innovative development" and "factor of innovative development of the enterprise of the pharmaceutical industry"; the allocation of key factors of innovative development of a pharmaceutical enterprise in the current conditions of development. Hypothesis. The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that the analysis performed will allow for the future grouping of the spectrum of factors of innovative development (internal and external), providing managerial impact on the processes of managing the competitiveness of enterprises producing pharmaceutical products. Materials and methods. Research methods include the method of bibliographic research of publications on the content and structure of the factors of innovative activity of pharmaceutical enterprises, followed by the synthesis of the identified information, which allows for the allocation of the main groups of factors for its decomposition and key areas of influence. As part of the implementation of the bibliographic research method, the author collected thematic scientific literature on the formation and development of the innovation environment, factors of economic growth and development, sectoral economic systems, and innovative processes in the Russian pharmaceutical market. The main criteria for selecting scientific literature were: the thematic relevance of the scientific article to the chosen research topic; the authors' academic degrees; and the level of the scientific journal in which the article was published (journals from the current list of the Higher Attestation Commission and the White List were primarily considered as sources of scientific literature). The literature sources used cover the chronological period from the beginning of the second decade of the 20th century to publications in 2025. In addition, the work uses some data published on the Internet. The relevant references to the sources are provided in the list of literature for the article.
The results of the study and discussions. The conducted research allowed the author to identify two groups of factors that are considered to be the most influential for pharmaceutical manufacturers. The internal factors of innovative development of a pharmaceutical enterprise include: the presence of a basic innovation infrastructure of a pharmaceutical enterprise, the internal culture of innovation support in the team, financial support for innovation activities at the enterprise, the level of knowledge management, the level of personnel training. The group of external factors includes: state support for the development of innovations in the pharmaceutical sector, partnerships with organizations that promote the stimulation of innovative development, the development and diffusion of digital technologies, artificial intelligence, BigData, etc. global competition, availability of external financing.Sustainable development strategies for the Russian pig farming complex
UDC: 619:616-07:616.4Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Sergey Yu. Smolentsev; Mikhail A. Yambulatov; Starodubtsev Dmitrii S.
Annotation: Introduction. Statistics from recent years indicate that Russia has achieved complete self-sufficiency in pork. However, the industry is under pressure from a number of challenges: strict environmental regulations (ESG agenda), the need to import substitution of genetic material and equipment, and the risk of epizootics. The aim of this study is to analyze key strategies for the development of the Russian pig farming sector in the face of economic restrictions and export reorientation. Materials and Methods. The study is based on a comprehensive approach, including an analysis of the official government strategy for the development of the agro-industrial complex until 2030, statistical data from the National Union of Pig Breeders, and monitoring of the production indicators of the largest agricultural holdings. Methods of synthesis, comparison, abstract logical and statistical analysis of market trends were used. Research Results. The analysis showed that the industry is characterized by a high degree of consolidation: the 20 largest enterprises account for almost 80% of industrial output. It was found that vertical integration, which reduces dependence on feed, and active efforts to expand export channels (particularly to China and the CIS) are key sustainability mechanisms. Despite potential risks of overproduction and equipment wear and tear, there is a steady increase in product consumption and technological modernization among leading players, who employ advanced breeding and robotic methods. Conclusion. The authors conclude that pig farming in Russia has entered a stage of qualitative growth. The main development vectors are increasing operational efficiency, export scaling, and intensifying competition for consumers. To maintain the long-term stability of the industry, further government support is required for localizing equipment production and overcoming bottlenecks in breeding and genetic work, which will strengthen Russia's position among the top five global pork exporters.