Basic information
| Title journal: | Vestnik 1 (45) 2026 |
|---|---|
| Number: | 1 |
| Year: | 2026 |
| Date of publication on the website: | 06.05.2026 |
| Full journal in PDF: | Download |
Content
Using artificial intelligence technologies to identify caviar
UDC: 664.951:004.8Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Svetlana M. Abliazina; Yakupova Leysan F.; Sergey Yu. Smolentsev
Annotation: Introduction. Given the high prevalence of caviar product counterfeiting and the limitations of traditional laboratory and sensory methods for caviar identification, the need for more objective, non-destructive, and timely approaches based on digital technologies is growing. Purpose ‒ to comprehensively analyze the current state of research on the use of artificial intelligence technologies for the identification of natural and imitation caviar and identify promising areas for further development. Materials and methods. This article provides a systematic analytical review of publications devoted to the use of machine learning methods and neural networks in combination with advanced instrumental technologies. Three groups of approaches are considered: processing spectroscopic data (IR, Raman spectroscopy) using machine learning algorithms; computer vision methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) for image analysis; and combined (multimodal) schemes, such as hyperspectral imaging. Results, discussion. The use of AI significantly expands analytical capabilities, allowing for the consideration of multidimensional characteristics and achieving high classification accuracy (over 90 %) of samples. Examples of the effective use of AI modules in state traceability systems for identifying production anomalies are provided. It is established that instrumental AI approaches provide a methodological basis for the development of automated screening systems that complement traditional laboratory control. Conclusion. AI-based systems based on non-destructive analysis are a promising approach for improving the objectivity and efficiency of authenticity control of caviar products. Keywords and phrases: artificial intelligence; machine learning; computer vision; caviar products; identification; counterfeiting; quality control.Influence of different petroleum fractions on cell membrane permeability in seedlings of agricultural plants
UDC: 631.421.2Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Alyabysheva Elena A.
Annotation: Introduction. Soil contamination with petroleum products poses a serious threat to agroecosystems, as it negatively affects the growth and development of cultivated plants, including important forage crops such as yellow Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall., Medicago sativa L. and Phlum pratense L. The permeability of plant cell membranes can serve as an indicator of plant resistance to oil contamination of the soil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of gasoline, diesel fuel, motor oil and fuel oil on the permeability of cell membranes of roots and leaves of seedlings of three types of agricultural plants. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were ten-day-old seedlings
of M. officinalis, M. sativa and P. pratense. The permeability of the cell membranes of the roots and leaves of seedlings was assessed using a conductometric method. The permeability of the plasmalemma was judged by the magnitude of the electrical conductivity of the solutions. In the work, the indicator of the relative change in electrical conductivity was calculated. Research results and discussion. The influence of various fractions of petroleum products (1–3–5 %) on the permeability of the cell membranes of roots and leaves of 10-day-old seedlings of M. officinalis, M. sativa and P. pratense was evaluated. It was shown that an increase in the concentration of petroleum products (1 → 3 → 5 %) in the soil led to an increase in the rate of release of electrolytes and low molecular weight compounds. The highest increase was observed in P. pratense (1,5–1,8 times), the average in M. officinalis (1,2–1,9 times), the lowest in M. sativa (1,2–1,7 times). Conclusion. Soil contamination with petroleum products had a toxic effect on the process of growth and development of the studied plants. It was revealed that light fractions of oil (gasoline and diesel fuel) possessed the greatest membrane-damaging properties, while heavy fractions (fuel oil and engine oil) they showed a less pronounced effect. It was found that the M. sativa species was the least susceptible to negative effects, demonstrating the highest resistance to pollution. On the contrary, P. pratense seedlings turned out to be the most sensitive to petroleum intoxication.Biochemical indicators of cows' blood when using nanostructured bentonite in combination with a probiotic in their diet
UDC: 619:616-07:616.4Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Renat A. Volkov; Ellada K. Рapunidi; Sergey Yu. Smolentsev; Yakupova Leysan F.
Annotation: Introduction. High milk yields directly depend on the quality of feed and a balanced diet. Lactating cows should be fed a balanced diet, including energy, protein, mineral, and vitamin content. During lactation, functional changes occur in the animal's body. All nutrients are transported with the blood to the mammary gland or synthesized there from delivered components for milk production. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a biologically active feed additive ‒ nanostructured bentonite in combination with a probiotic ‒ on the biochemical parameters of cow blood. Materials and Methods. Experiments were conducted on five groups of animals (one control and four experimental groups) for 120 days. The cows' basal diet was supplemented with various combinations of bentonite and an acidifier, which allowed us to evaluate their effect on hematological and biochemical parameters. Results. The results showed that cows fed nanostructured bentonite in combination with a probiotic showed a significant improvement in blood parameters: an increase in hemoglobin levels by 1.93-4.21 %, erythrocytes by 1.23-6.54 % and leukocytes by 1.30-8.41%. There was also an increase in total protein content by 2.99-6.22 %, glucose by 9.12-10.71%, inorganic phosphorus by 10.00-10.49 % and total calcium by 9.13-9.89%. The concentration of trace elements: iron, copper and zinc also increased significantly. The study confirmed that the use of nanostructured bentonite in combination with a probiotic helps stimulate hematopoiesis, improve protein and carbohydrate metabolism, and normalize mineral homeostasis in cows. Conclusion. Adding biologically active feed additives ‒ nanostructured bentonite in combination with a probiotic ‒ to cow diets promotes the stimulation of protein and carbohydrate metabolism, improves the body's physiological and biochemical state, enhances the absorption of biologically active feed additives, and normalizes mineral homeostasis.Morphological blood parameters in the treatment of acute catarrhal bron-chopneumonia in calves
UDC: 619:616.24-002.153-0Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Aleksandr P. Ovsyannikov; Daniya F. Valiullina; Aidar I. Girfanov; Niyaz F. Sadykov
Annotation: Introduction. The scientific article examines acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia in calves and a comparative evaluation of two treatment methods. A number of studies on the treatment of catarrhal bronchopneumonia are available in the literature. However, the topic still remains relevant. Purpose of the study ‒ the aim of the study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of two regimens for the treatment of bronchopneumonia in calves. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 10 black-and-white calves aged 2-3 months, weighing 42 kg. Two groups of 5 calves each were formed, each suffering from catarrhal bronchopneumonia. To assess treatment efficacy, blood was collected from the jugular vein for morphological examination at the beginning and end of the study. As a treatment, two groups were prescribed a 40% glucose solution and the vitamin-mineral complex "Vitam". The difference between the first and the second regimen was the use of the antibacterial drug "Ditrim" and "Floricol". Results and discussion. The study results showed that in the first experimental group, where the antibacterial "Ditrim" was included in the course, a weakening of clinical signs of catarrhal bronchopneumonia in calves was observed, on average, by 5.4 ± 0.2 days, and full recovery of calves in this group was observed on average by 7.6 ± 0.4 days. In the second experimental group, where the drug "Floricol" was used, clinical symptoms of bronchopneumonia disappeared on average by 4.2 ± 0.3 days. The duration of the therapeutic course in calves of the second experimental group averaged 6 days. Conclusion. The used treatment regimens for catarrhal bronchopneumonia in calves contributed to an improvement in the general condition and normalization of morphological blood parameters, however, primarily a positive effect was achieved in calves of the second experimental group, and their general condition stabilized faster.Study of the effect of NCP and Molasses biologics on the parameters of the physico-chemical composition of urine and feces of calves with diarrhea
UDC: 619:614.48+615.9Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Ramzia М. Potekhina; Evgeniya Yu. Tarasova; Guliya R. Lukina
Annotation: Introduction. The high prevalence of diarrhea in calves raises serious concerns about animal welfare and leads to significant economic losses on dairy farms. The formation of a healthy cattle population depends on a solid food supply and the organization of adequate feeding that meets the needs of animals in all the necessary nutrients and biologically active substances. The development and implementation of new drugs by veterinary specialists is of scientific and practical importance in the field of animal husbandry. The aim of the study was to investigate the physical and chemical properties of urine and feces from calves with signs of diarrhea, using the developed biopreparations NKP and Melassa (based on the mycelial fungi Fusarium sambucinum and Trichoderma reesei, propionic and lactobacilli) in their feeding. Materials and methods. The experiments were conducted at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Center for Technical Regulations and Standardization in Animal Husbandry" in Kazan and at a farm in the Republic of Tatarstan. Three groups of calves (3 heads each) were formed using the analog group method: a control group (OR) and two experimental groups. Antibiotics were not used in the diet of the experimental groups, and all the animals were kept in the same conditions. The feeding ration for three-month-old calves consisted of hay and compound feed, to which biopreparations (NKP and Melassa) were added at a rate of 100 g/kg. The experiment lasted forty-five days: the sanitary and warranty period was fourteen days, and the experimental period was thirty days. Research results. When using the biopreparations NKP and Melassa in the calves' diet, it was found that the active consumption of hay by the experimental groups was 12‒17 % higher than in the group with the main diet (control). Calves that received the biopreparation NKP and Melassa did not suffer from gastrointestinal diseases during the entire experimental period. Thus, the use of the biopreparations NKP and Melassa (based on the mycelial fungi Fusarium sambucinum and Trichoderma reesei, propionic and lactobacilli) showed a decrease in the incidence of diarrhea in young calves, which indicates the potential of using these biopreparations.Influence of succinic acid on egg productivity of quails and egg quality indicators
UDC: 619:616-07:616.4Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sergey Yu. Smolentsev; Kislitsyna Nadezhda A.
Annotation: Introduction. In the context of food security and economic challenges, increasing the productivity of poultry farming, particularly quail farming, is particularly important. Quail, being precocious and possessing high nutritional value, require optimized feeding rations. This study aims to investigate the effect of succinic acid as a potential feed additive on quail egg production and egg quality, which aligns with the priorities of Russian agriculture in developing its own feed solutions. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on Pharaoh quail, divided into a control group (standard feed) and four experimental groups receiving feed supplemented with succinic acid at dosages of 10, 20, 25, and 30 mg/kg. Feed consumption, flock survival, egg production, egg weight, and egg components were monitored, as well as chemical analysis of the protein and yolk composition. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel using the Student's t-test. Results. Adding succinic acid to the quail diet had a positive effect on egg production. The group receiving 20 mg/kg of the supplement demonstrated the best results: a 30.18 % increase in egg production and an 8.33 % decrease in feed costs per kg of egg mass, while simultaneously increasing the intensity of egg production. Morphological analysis revealed an increase in yolk mass and a strengthening of the egg shell. Chemical analysis revealed no negative impact on yolk composition, but minor variations in crude protein and mineral content were observed in the albumen depending on the dosage. Conclusion. Succinic acid at a dosage of 20 mg/kg is an effective feed supplement for quail, contributing to increased egg production and improving the economic performance of poultry farming. Increased egg production, reduced feed consumption, and improved egg quality (shell strengthening, increased yolk weight) confirm the potential of this biostimulant. Exceeding the optimal dosage may result in decreased productivity, which requires further study.Corn leaf area development depending on mineral fertilizer application and seeding rates
UDC: 633.15 + 631.8 + 631Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Ekaterina A. Sokolova; Albert N. Kuzminykh
Annotation: Introduction. Crop yield is determined by photosynthesis, during which plants capture solar radiation (PAR). To maximize the utilization of PAR by plants, crops must be formed with an optimal feeding area. Purpose: To determine the nature of maize leaf area formation depending on the application of mineral fertilizers and seeding rates. Materials and Methods. Field experiments and laboratory studies were conducted in 2015-2017 at the Mari Research Institute of Agriculture, a branch of the Federal Scientific Center of Northeast Agriculture. The study object was the early-maturing corn hybrid Kaskad 166 ASV. Results and discussion. Maize leaf area depended on the growth and development phase of the crop, as well as the application of mineral fertilizers and seeding rates. Corn formed its maximum photosynthetic leaf area during the cob anthesis phase – 20.3-41.7 thousand m2/ha, depending on the variant. When growing corn for green mass, the maximum net photosynthetic productivity of corn was achieved with the application of N60P60K60 mineral fertilizers and a seeding rate of 40 thousand units/ha – 5.3 g/m2 × day. The highest net photosynthetic productivity when growing corn for grain was determined with the application of N60P60K60 mineral fertilizers and a seeding rate of 80 thousand units/ha – 5.5 g/m2 × day. Conclusion. The dependence of corn leaf area, photosynthetic potential, and net photosynthetic productivity on the application of different fertilizer doses and seeding rates was established.Alsification of milk and dairy products and methods of their detection
UDC: 637.1:664.92:543.06Section: AGRICULTURE
Authors: Yakupova Leysan F.; Sergey Yu. Smolentsev; Mariya A. Likhacheva
Annotation: Introduction. With the growing globalization of food markets and the increasing sophistication of dairy production technologies, the problem of counterfeiting is becoming critical for public health, economic stability, and consumer confidence. This article analyzes modern forms of milk and dairy product adulteration, from the substitution of vegetable oils for milk fat and the addition of melamine to the substitution of raw material species and the distortion of packaging information. It has been established that traditional control methods are becoming ineffective in the face of high-tech counterfeits, requiring more precise and comprehensive approaches. Purpose. To systematize modern methods for identifying dairy products, evaluate their effectiveness in detecting various types of counterfeiting, and propose an integrated strategy for improving the reliability of quality control. Materials and methods. This article provides a systematic analytical review of publications devoted to the use of various methods for identifying dairy products and a comparative assessment of organoleptic, physicochemical, chromatographic (GC-MS, HPLC), spectroscopic (IR, Raman), and molecular biological methods (PCR, ELISA). Particular attention is paid to the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning for processing multidimensional data. Results, discussion. The analysis showed that the most effective strategy for detecting counterfeits is an integrated approach combining preliminary screening using rapid, non-destructive methods with subsequent verification using high-precision chromatographic and molecular biological methods. A multi-level algorithm improves the reliability of the analysis and ensures compliance with regulatory requirements. Conclusion. A modern dairy product quality control system should be built on the principles of multi-level, interdisciplinary, and technologically advanced analysis. This approach will not only ensure compliance with regulatory requirements but also restore consumer confidence in domestic dairy products as highly natural and safe.Transformation of internal control and mechanisms of economic security in agribusiness under the influence of digitalization
UDC: 657.631.2:338.14Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Spartak A. Vardanyan; Ekaterina M. Egorova; Victor A. Melikhov; Tatiana A. Chekrygina
Annotation: Introduction. In modern conditions of digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex, traditional approaches to internal control and ensuring economic security require a radical revision. The specifics of the industry, characterized by a high spatial distribution of assets, the impact of bioclimatic factors and the complexity of logistics chains, generate unique risks that cannot be effectively offset by routine procedures. The purpose of the research is to develop and theoretically substantiate a conceptual model for adapting the internal control system to the challenges of the digital economy in order to enhance the economic security of an agricultural enterprise. Materials and methods. The research is based on a system analysis, synthesis of domestic and international experience, as well as a comparative analysis of modern digital technologies. The methodological base consists of works in the field of risk management, economic security and digitalization of the agro-industrial complex. The sources of information were scientific publications, industry reports and cases of implementation of technological solutions. Research results, discussions. As a result of the research, a comprehensive model for integrating digital tools into the architecture of an agricultural enterprise's internal control system is proposed. The main elements of the model are: Internet of Things technologies for continuous monitoring of tangible assets and production processes; blockchain platforms to ensure the immutability and traceability of data in supply chains; geographic information systems for monitoring land use and production operations; predictive analytics platforms for the transition from reactive detection of violations to proactive risk assessment. The discussion of the results confirms that the implementation of this model contributes to the formation of the "digital immunity" of the enterprise, minimizes operational and reputational losses, and also creates the basis for making managerial decisions based on data. Conclusion. Digitalization of the internal control system is not a technological option, but a strategic imperative for agricultural enterprises. The developed model makes it possible to significantly increase the level of economic security, ensuring the sustainability and long-term competitiveness of agribusiness in the face of increasing uncertainty and technological competition.Assessment of the effectiveness of investments in the social sphere of agricultural and industrial complex organizations
UDC: 338.43Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Igor V. Volkov
Annotation: Introduction. The experience of developed countries indicates the positive impact of corporate social responsibility development on increasing the competitiveness of agricultural organizations, which is manifested both in strengthening the organization's image in the domestic and foreign markets, and in solving personnel problems in rural areas by improving working conditions and developing the social infrastructure of rural areas. In this regard, there is a need for tools for assessing the effectiveness of investments in the development of corporate social responsibility of agricultural organizations, as one of the factors in enhancing the organization's image, influencing its competitiveness. Purpose. To study the results of scientific research by economists and, based on them, develop our own methodology for assessing the effectiveness of social investments, taking into account their impact on increasing the competitiveness of agricultural organizations. Materials and methods. The information base used was scientific publications in the form of articles in peer-reviewed journals devoted to issues of assessing the effectiveness of social investments of agricultural organizations. In developing the proposed methodology, theoretical methods were used, such as the analysis and synthesis method, including the analysis and assessment of each area of the organization's social activity development and the combination of evaluation coefficients into an overall assessment of the effectiveness of social investments. Results, discussion. The article proposes a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of social investments of agricultural organizations, allowing for a more objective identification of the most priority areas for the development of the organization's social sphere, as well as, taking into account the revenue growth rate, calculating the overall social efficiency coefficient. The need to use the proposed methodology for assessing the social efficiency of investments of agricultural organizations, the results of the presented research were communicated and discussed among the teaching staff of the Institute of Economics and Management of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Nizhny Novgorod State University of Engineering and Economics". Conclusion. The proposed methodology allows for assessing the effectiveness of social investments of agricultural organizations, and can also be used in organizations and enterprises of other industries.Key Risks in the Energy Markets of China and Russia
UDC: 332.1Section: ECONOMICS
Authors: Liu Chang
Annotation: Introduction. As a key element of energy cooperation between China and Russia, market operations in the energy sector of the two countries initially formed a joint foundation oriented towards “sale of shares” and “joint implementation of projects” from the perspective of corporate investments, while price standards are influenced by fluctuations in international energy prices. Energy market cooperation between China and Russia is developing under favorable conditions but faces a complex of conceptual and practical risks. These challenges determine the long-term and complex nature of deepening partnership between the two countries. Objective. This study is aimed at analyzing these risks and developing optimization proposals. The objective of the research is to identify key conceptual and practical risks in the implementation of market operations in the Chinese-Russian energy market and develop recommendations for their minimization. Materials and Methods. The research is based on the analysis of modern cooperation models, successfully implemented infrastructure projects (Power of Siberia, ESPO, Yamal LNG, Tianwan NPP) and the regulatory framework of both countries. The methodology includes comparative analysis, assessment of factors hindering effective integration, as well as processing of current statistical data from the Federal Customs Service of Russia, the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, the Bank of Russia, and the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). The study employs the latest research by Russian specialists in the field of energy cooperation published in 2019–2026. Research Results and Discussion. Among the key risks are the role gap between the countries (“supplier-consumer”), the ambiguity of cooperation orientations, and the temporary nature of favorable conditions. At the practical level, problems have been identified in price coordination, technology exchange, infrastructure, and environmental regulation. As the main solution, a transition to the model of a “community with a shared future” is proposed, which will transform contradictions into internal issues of a unified cooperative entity. Implementing this approach requires phased planning and can be integrated into existing cooperation formats, such as the SCO, to facilitate further deepening of market operations. Conclusion. Energy market cooperation between China and Russia is developing under favorable conditions but faces a complex of conceptual and practical risks, which determine the long-term and complex nature of deepening the partnership between the two countries. Through the analysis of existing cooperation models, specific projects, and the regulatory framework, and by employing comparative analysis and impact assessment methods, the study offers recommendations for identifying risks and proposing solutions to promote the further deepening of market operations.