Introduction. Labor resources occupy a special place in the market system of relations. The processes taking place in them, to a full or partial extent, are reflected in most economic, social, demographic phenomena. The current stage in the development of civilization is associated with a new view on the labor force as one of the key resources of the economy. The state of labor resources, the amount of labor force, all this directly affects the standard of living of society. The purpose of the study is to carry out a multivariant grouping of the regions of the Russian Federation according to the level of development of labor resources and to highlight the socio-economic indicators that determine getting into groups. Materials and methods. The published statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service served as the information base for the declared study. Statistical methods for multivariate analysis were methods of cluster analysis by principal components and methods of regression analysis. Results of the research, discussion. The article presents the results of a multivariant grouping of Russian regions based on the use of the cluster analysis method − the Ward method, in each of the groups using regression analysis, the main socio-economic indicators that determine the state and development of labor resources in regional labor markets are highlighted. Conclusion. Historically, the main characteristic of the state’s production potential has been labor resources. Of course, how efficiently the labor resources function directly affects economic growth both at the level of individual production, and at the regional level and the country as a whole. Labor resources are the driving mechanism of scientific and technological progress and the main element of resource provision of organizations of various forms of ownership, and are also an important economic indicator aimed at the creation, use and transformation of socially useful goods. The use of regression analysis methods makes it possible to determine what various factors affect the number of labor resources in the context of groups of regions characterized by different levels of socio-economic development.