Lifelong milk yield and productive longevity of cows is the most important breeding feature that has a hereditary basis and depends both on the father, and on the mother. The aim of the research was to study the influence of mothers on the productive long-term use of dairy cows of black-and-white breed. The research was carried out by analysing the dataof breeding records of the retired cows of black-and-white breed in the conditions of breeding plant “Semenovsky” of the Republic of Mari El. It is found that the daughters with reliable difference, surpassed their mothers on milk yield on average for all lactation on 1357 kg (28.8 %) for the first lactation on 1090 kg (24.4 %), on lifetime milk yield on 6923 kg (31.2 %), the number of milk fat, respectively, by 53.8 kg (30.2 %); 43.2 kg (25.6 %); 209 kg (36.0 %). It is revealed that with increase of milk yield for the 1st lactation in mothers, increases the milk yield of the daughters – heifers. High yield (6345 kg) showed daughters from highly productive mothers with milk yield more than 7001 kg, low yield (5769 kg) was observed in daughters, from mothers with low productivity (4000 kg of milk). Comparative assessment of couples “mother – daughter” within the analyzed groups showed that by the yield of milk of the 1st lactation, daughters surpassed their mothers by 25–2089 kg of milk (0.4–56.8 %), in terms of lifetime productivity by 3911–15041 kg (30.2–134.1 %). The daughters of highly productive cows-mothers are more productive in comparison with their peers. For 305 days of first lactation they surpassed their peers from mothers with low milk yield by 576 kg (10 %). A positive correlation was established between the level of productivity of mothers in the 1st lactation with milk yield of the daughters – heifers (r = 0.175) and a negative one with the period of productive use (r = –0.240) and the value of lifetime milk yield (r = –0.213). The effect of level of milk yield of mothers at 1st lactation on the lifetime milk yield and on the productive longevity of daughters was 8.0 and 8.4 %.