Structure analysis of acreage of tilled crops cultivated in the Chuvash Republic over the past decade revealed dynamic changes in cultivated crops. Changes in the structure of crop acreage were caused by weather and socioeconomic conditions of this period. However, despite these changes, tilled crops, remain an important component in providing food and creating a solid fodder base for the agricultural sector. When cultivating tilled crops in excess of the soil fertility level, there is an acute need for effective use of both organic and mineral fertilizers, as well as soil amendments of sorption type. The research was conducted in 2012–2015 on light gray forest soils in the crop rotation link: winter wheat – tilled crops – barley. The research objects were tilled crops: potato varieties Nevskiy; fodder beet varieties Ekkendorfskaya yellow and barley varieties El’f. As an untraditional organic fertilizer, a hoof-and-horn meal was introduced, as a sorption- type soil amendment - zeolite-containing bergmeal together with phosphate-potassium fertilizers. The joint application of hoof-and-horn meal and bergmeal on the background of phosphate-potassium mineral fertilizers had a significant increase in comparison with the variant of joint application of bergmeal and ammonium nitrate, both on fodder beet and on potatoes. It was revealed that the application of hoof-and-horn meal under favorable weather conditions enhances the biological activity of the soil, contributes to the reduction of nitrates in roots and tubers, increases the dry matter and sugar content in roots, dry matter and starch in potato tubers. Economic and energy assessment, and evaluation of productivity in cultivating tilled crops allow us to conclude that their effectiveness is rather high not only in the year of application, but also in the aftereffect on barley.